What Are the Regulations Surrounding Pipeline construction and Operation?
Pipeline construction and operation is subject to a variety of regulations, both at the federal and state levels. These regulations are designed to ensure the safety of the public, the environment, and the workers involved in the construction and operation of pipelines.
| tensile and Hardness Requirements | |||||||||
| grade | Yield strength MPa | Tensile Strength | Hardness a,c | specified Wall thickness | Allowable Hardness Variation b | ||||
| type | Total Elongation Under Load | min MPa | max | ||||||
| min | max | HRC | HBW | mm | HRC | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| H40 | — | 0.5 | 276 | 552 | 414 | — | — | — | — |
| J55 | — | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 517 | — | — | — | — |
| K55 | — | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 655 | — | — | — | — |
| N80 | 1 | 0.5 | 552 | 758 | 689 | — | — | — | — |
| N80 | Q | 0.5 | 552 | 758 | 689 | — | — | — | — |
| R95 | — | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | — | — | — | — |
| L80 L80 | 1 | 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | — | — |
| L80 | 9Cr 13Cr | 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | — | — |
| 0.5 | 552 | 655 | 655 | 23 | 241 | — | — | ||
| C90 | 1 | 0.5 | 621 | 724 | 689 | 25.4 | 255 | £12.70 | 3 |
| 12.71 to 19.04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 to 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| ³ 25.40 | 6 | ||||||||
| T95 | 1 | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | 25.4 | 255 | £12.70 | 3 |
| 12.71 to 19.04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 to 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| ³ 25.40 | 6 | ||||||||
| C110 | — | 0.7 | 758 | 828 | 793 | 30 | 286 | £12.70 | 3 |
| 12.71 to 19.04 | 4 | ||||||||
| 19.05 to 25.39 | 5 | ||||||||
| ³ 25.40 | 6 | ||||||||
| P110 | — | 0.6 | 758 | 965 | 862 | — | — | — | — |
| Q125 | 1 | 0.65 | 862 | 1034 | 931 | b | — | £12.70 | 3 |
| 12.71 to 19.04 19.05 | 4 | ||||||||
| 5 | |||||||||
| a In case of dispute, laboratory Rockwell C hardness testing shall be used as the referee method. | |||||||||
| b No hardness limits are specified, but the maximum variation is restricted as a manufacturing control in accordance with 7.8 and 7.9. | |||||||||
| c For through-wall hardness tests of grades L80 (all types), C90, T95 and C110, the requirements stated in HRC scale are for maximum mean hardness number. | |||||||||
At the federal level, the U.S. department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) is responsible for regulating the construction and operation of pipelines. The PHMSA has established a number of regulations that must be followed in order to ensure the safety of pipelines. These regulations include requirements for the design, construction, operation, and Maintenance of pipelines, as well as requirements for the training of personnel involved in the construction and operation of pipelines.
| API 5ct L80 Casing Tubing Range Lengths | |||
| Range 1 | Range 2 | Range 3 | |
| CASING (PE/T and C/SF) | |||
| Total range length, inclusive Permissible variation, max a | 4.88 to 7.62 1.83 | 7.62 to 10.36 | 10.36 to 14.63 1.83 |
| 1.52 | |||
| TUBING AND CASING USED AS TUBING | |||
| (PE/T and C/SF) | |||
| Total range length, inclusive Permissible variation, max a | 6.10 to 7.32 b | 8.53 to 9.75 c | 11.58 to 12.80 d |
| 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | |
| integral TUBING connectionS (including IJ/PE | |||
| and IJ/SF) | |||
| Total range length, inclusive Permissible variation, max a | 6.10 to 7.92 e | 8.53 to 10.36 | 11.58 to 13.72 0.61 |
| 0.61 | 0.61 | ||
| PUP JOINTS | Lengths: 0.61; 0.91; 1.22; 1.83; 2.44; 3.05 and 3.66 e | ||
| Tolerance: ±0.076 | |||
| a Length variation applies to rail car shipment to the point of use and does not apply to order items of less than 18,144 kg of pipe. | |||
| b By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, the maximum length may be increased to 8.57 m. | |||
| c By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, the maximum length may be increased to 10.76 m. | |||
| d By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, the maximum length may be increased to 17.72 m.0.61 m pup joints may be furnished up to 0.91 m long by agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, and lengths other than those listed may be furnished by agreement between purchaser and manufacturer. | |||
At the state level, each state has its own set of regulations that must be followed in order to ensure the safety of pipelines. These regulations may include requirements for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of pipelines, as well as requirements for the training of personnel involved in the construction and operation of pipelines. In addition, some states may have additional regulations that must be followed in order to ensure the safety of pipelines.
In addition to the regulations established by the federal and state governments, pipeline operators may also be subject to additional regulations established by local governments. These regulations may include requirements for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of pipelines, as well as requirements for the training of personnel involved in the construction and operation of pipelines.
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Overall, the regulations surrounding pipeline construction and operation are designed to ensure the safety of the public, the environment, and the workers involved in the construction and operation of pipelines. By following these regulations, pipeline operators can ensure that their pipelines are safe and secure.